Lie detection has been around for centuries in various forms, based on the belief that liars and cheats betray themselves through their physiology. In ancient China suspects were given rice to chew, the idea being that liars would be too nervous to salivate so the rice would remain dry. The polygraph may be somewhat more sophisticated than the rice test, but scientists have had a field day pointing out problems with it. For starters, fear, anger and nerves all produce similar physiological responses to lying. Just taking the test can upset truthful people to the point where they appear dishonest, while practised liars can learn to outwit the machine by remaining calm.
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